Addison’s Disease in Dogs

Addison’s disease, also known as hypoadrenocorticism, is a hormonal disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are essential for various bodily functions. Though uncommon, affecting 0.1% to 0.5% of dogs, the severity of the disease can range from mild to life-threatening.

The primary cause of Addison’s disease is an autoimmune response. This immune response mistakenly attacks and destroys the adrenal glands, leading to hormone deficiency. This deficiency affects the dog’s ability to regulate essential body functions.

Secondary causes include infections, which can harm the adrenal glands, and cancer that spreads to these glands. Abrupt cessation of long-term steroid therapy is another risk factor, as it can disrupt hormone production suddenly.

Other factors, such as genetic predisposition and specific medications, can increase the risk of developing Addison’s disease. While not directly genetic, the condition usually occurs more often in certain breeds.

• Standard Poodles
• Bearded Collies
• Portuguese Water Dogs
• West Highland White Terriers
• Great Danes
• Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers
• Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers
• Rottweilers
• American Cocker Spaniels
• German Shepherds

Primary symptoms of Addison’s disease are lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. These symptoms are often the first indicators that something is wrong and should prompt a visit to the veterinarian.

Secondary symptoms include increased thirst and urination, muscle weakness, and a low heart rate. These symptoms can develop as the disease progresses and hormone levels become more imbalanced.

Other symptoms may include shaking, abdominal pain, and depression. These can vary between individual dogs and may sometimes be mistaken for other conditions.

Diagnosing Addison’s disease typically involves blood tests to check electrolyte levels. An ACTH stimulation test is often used to assess adrenal gland function. These tests help confirm hormone deficiencies.

Sometimes, imaging tests may be performed to evaluate the size and condition of the adrenal glands. This can help rule out other potential causes of the symptoms and confirm the diagnosis.

Addison’s disease should be differentiated from conditions like chronic kidney disease, gastrointestinal disease, and hypoglycemia. Correct diagnosis ensures the correct treatment plan is started.

Treatment for Addison’s disease usually involves hormone replacement therapy. Medications like prednisone and fludrocortisone are used to manage the deficiencies and stabilize the dog’s condition.

Sometimes, additional treatments may be necessary to address specific symptoms or complications. Regular monitoring by a veterinarian is essential to adjust medications as needed.

Long-term management of Addison’s disease includes regular veterinary check-ups. Monitoring electrolyte levels and adjusting medication dosages help maintain stability and prevent crises.

Lifestyle changes, such as providing a stress-free environment and a balanced diet, can support overall health. Owners should be vigilant for any changes in behavior or symptoms.

There is no known prevention for Addison’s disease. The condition is often linked to autoimmune issues and genetic factors, making it challenging to prevent.

Early detection through regular veterinary visits and monitoring can help manage the disease effectively. Owners of predisposed breeds should be vigilant for symptoms.