Name:
Distichiasis
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Distichiasis, also known as double eyelashes or extra eyelashes, is a condition where extra eyelashes grow from the eyelid margin. These extra hairs often irritate the eye and can lead to discomfort. Distichiasis is relatively common in dogs, especially within certain breeds. The severity of double eyelashes in dogs can vary. Some dogs may experience mild irritation, while others may face more serious eye problems if left untreated.
Causes
The primary cause of distichiasis is genetic. The condition is often inherited, making certain breeds more likely to develop it. In these breeds, the genetic makeup predisposes them to grow extra eyelashes from the eyelid margin.
Secondary causes of distichiasis are not significant, as it is mainly a hereditary condition. There are no known environmental factors or secondary conditions that contribute to the development of extra eyelashes in dogs.
Other causes are rarely associated with distichiasis. As a primarily genetic condition, it rarely results from lifestyle or environmental influences, highlighting the importance of understanding each dog’s breed predisposition.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to distichiasis include:
- Cocker Spaniels
- Bulldogs
- Golden Retrievers
- Shetland Sheepdogs
- Shih Tzus
- Poodles
- Pekingeses
- Beagles
- Lhasa Apsos
- Bichon Frisés
Symptoms
The primary symptoms of distichiasis include excessive tearing, squinting, and irritation of the eyes. These symptoms arise because of the constant rubbing of extra eyelashes against the eye surface.
Secondary symptoms may include redness, corneal ulcers, and chronic eye infections. If left untreated, these symptoms can lead to more severe eye damage, requiring medical intervention.
Other symptoms can include pawing at the eyes and sensitivity to light. Dogs may show these signs as they try to alleviate discomfort caused by the extra eyelashes. Observing these behaviors can be important for early diagnosis.
Distichiasis symptoms include:
- Excessive tearing
- Squinting
- Eye irritation
- Redness
- Corneal ulcers
- Chronic eye infections
- Sensitivity to light
Diagnosis
A veterinary eye examination is essential for diagnosing distichiasis. During the examination, the veterinarian will identify the extra eyelashes causing irritation. This clinical evaluation is important for distinguishing distichiasis from other eye conditions.
Distichiasis should be differentiated from other eye conditions, such as ectopic cilia, trichiasis, and entropion. These conditions can present similar symptoms but require different treatment approaches.
Imaging tests are rarely needed for diagnosing distichiasis, as the condition is usually identifiable through a physical examination. However, veterinarians may use them to rule out other potential eye problems.
Treatment
Treatment options for distichiasis may include manual removal of the extra eyelashes, cryotherapy, electrolysis, or surgical intervention. These methods aim to remove or redirect the offending hairs permanently, easing discomfort.
Medication is rarely required for treating distichiasis unless secondary infections develop. In such cases, antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to manage symptoms and prevent further complications.
Management
Management of distichiasis involves regular veterinary check-ups to monitor the condition. These check-ups help make sure any regrowth of eyelashes is promptly addressed to prevent irritation or damage to the eye.
Medication and therapy may also be part of the management plan, especially if secondary symptoms like infections occur. Regular monitoring can help catch these issues early and provide timely treatment.
Prevention
There is no known prevention for distichiasis, as it is often a hereditary condition. However, early detection and treatment can help manage symptoms effectively and prevent complications.
While diet and lifestyle do not influence the development of distichiasis, maintaining overall eye health is beneficial. Regular grooming and monitoring can aid in early detection of symptoms.