Liver Disease in Dogs

Liver disease, also known as hepatic disease, affects the liver’s ability to function correctly. It encompasses various conditions, such as inflammation, infections, tumors, and blockages. Liver disease is relatively common in dogs, especially in older ones. The severity of liver disease varies. It can be manageable with treatment or severe and life-threatening if not diagnosed promptly.

Primary causes of liver disease include infectious agents such as bacteria or viruses, toxins like certain medications or plants, and genetic predispositions. These causes directly affect liver function, leading to various symptoms.

Secondary causes involve other diseases such as pancreatitis or diabetes, which can stress the liver. When the body is fighting these illnesses, the liver can become overburdened and begin to fail.

Other causes may include trauma, cancer, or chronic exposure to harmful substances. These factors can gradually damage the liver, leading to long-term health issues in affected dogs.

• Labrador Retrievers
• Cocker Spaniels
• Doberman Pinschers
• Bedlington Terriers
• West Highland White Terriers
• Dalmatians
• German Shepherds
• Skye Terriers
• Yorkshire Terriers
• Maltese

Primary symptoms of liver disease include jaundice, marked by yellowing of the eyes or gums, loss of appetite, and vomiting. These signs indicate a failure in the liver’s detoxification processes.

Secondary symptoms may involve lethargy, increased thirst and urination, and weight loss. These symptoms develop as the disease progresses, affecting the dog’s overall energy and hydration levels.

Other symptoms can include diarrhea, confusion, and abdominal swelling because of fluid accumulation. These occur as complications worsen, requiring immediate veterinary attention.

Diagnosing liver disease involves blood tests to evaluate liver enzyme levels, which indicate liver function. Elevated enzyme levels can point towards liver damage or disease progression.

Imaging studies like ultrasounds or X-rays are used to visualize the liver’s structure and detect abnormalities such as tumors or blockages. Sometimes, a liver biopsy may be necessary to determine the exact nature of the liver disease. This procedure provides a definitive diagnosis by examining liver tissue under a microscope.

Liver disease should be differentiated from conditions like chronic active hepatitis, hepatic microvascular dysplasia, and portosystemic shunt. These conditions share symptoms but require different treatment approaches.

Treatment for liver disease depends on the underlying cause. Medication may be prescribed to reduce liver inflammation, while antibiotics can treat infections. These interventions help restore liver function.

Sometimes, surgery may be necessary to remove obstructions or tumors affecting the liver. This approach is considered when less invasive treatments are not enough.

Managing liver disease involves dietary changes to reduce liver stress. A veterinarian may recommend a specialized diet low in protein and fat to aid digestion and reduce liver workload.

Regular monitoring of liver function is important to track the disease’s progression and adjust treatment as needed. This involves routine blood tests and check-ups with the veterinarian.

Preventing liver disease includes regular veterinary check-ups and vaccinations against infectious diseases. These measures help in early detection and reduce the risk of liver complications.

Providing a balanced diet with limited exposure to harmful substances is essential. Avoid feeding toxic foods and ensure a safe environment free from hazardous chemicals.