Chronic Superficial Keratitis in Dogs

Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK), also known as pannus, is an inflammatory condition affecting a dog’s cornea. It involves the progressive infiltration of inflammatory cells, which can lead to corneal opacity and potentially impair vision. CSK is relatively common in specific breeds, and particularly in regions with high UV exposure, such as sunny climates or higher altitudes. The severity of CSK can vary, ranging from mild to severe cases, which may lead to significant vision loss if untreated.

The primary cause of CSK is believed to be an immune-mediated response. This occurs when the dog’s immune system mistakenly attacks its corneal tissue, leading to inflammation and other symptoms.

Secondary causes of CSK include environmental factors, such as UV light exposure. These factors can exacerbate the condition and speed up the progression of symptoms, making early detection important.

Genetic predisposition is another contributing factor. Certain breeds, because of their genetic makeup, are more susceptible to developing this condition, highlighting the importance of breed-specific awareness.

• German Shepherds
• Greyhounds
• Belgian Tervurens
• Border Collies
• Australian Shepherds
• Siberian Huskies
• Dachshunds
• Poodles
• Labrador Retrievers
• Chihuahuas

Primary symptoms of CSK include a pinkish, fleshy growth that usually begins at the outer edge of the cornea, moving inward. This growth is a key indicator of the condition’s onset.

Secondary symptoms may involve increased tearing, squinting, and a heightened sensitivity to light. These symptoms can cause discomfort and may indicate the progression of CSK.

Additional symptoms include a bluish haze or cloudiness of the cornea, which can worsen. If left untreated, this can lead to potential vision impairment, affecting the dog’s quality of life.

Diagnosing CSK involves a thorough eye examination by a veterinarian. A slit lamp is often used to assess the cornea and determine inflammatory cells, differentiating CSK from other conditions.

Veterinarians must differentiate CSK from similar conditions, such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, corneal dystrophy, and immune-mediated keratitis. This is important to ensuring correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Imaging tests and clinical examinations are essential in diagnosing CSK. These diagnostics help to identify clinical signs and rule out other potential eye conditions, guiding veterinarians in treatment planning.

Treating CSK typically involves using topical corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medications. These treatments are effective in reducing inflammation and slowing disease progression.

Sometimes, additional therapy may be necessary to manage CSK. Consistent medication application and follow-up care are important in controlling symptoms and preventing flare-ups or complications.

Managing CSK requires ongoing veterinary check-ups and consistent medication use. Regular monitoring helps control symptoms, preventing flare-ups and further vision impairment.

Lifestyle changes, such as limiting sun exposure, can be beneficial. Owners should consider protective measures like dog goggles to reduce UV exposure, reducing the risk of symptom aggravation.

While there is no known prevention for CSK, certain measures can help reduce the risk of exacerbation. Limiting UV light exposure by using dog goggles or avoiding peak sunlight hours is advised.

Early detection through regular veterinary eye exams is important. Identifying CSK in its initial stages allows for timely intervention, potentially preventing severe vision loss.