Name:
Patellar Luxation
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Patellar luxation, commonly known as a slipped kneecap, is a condition where a dog’s kneecap dislocates from its normal position. This condition can cause discomfort and mobility issues in affected dogs. It is often found in small and toy breeds. The severity of patellar luxation varies. It can range from mild, where the kneecap occasionally dislocates, to severe, where the dislocation is permanent. This can lead to arthritis and lameness if not addressed promptly.
Causes
Genetics often play a primary role in patellar luxation. Dogs can inherit a predisposition for this condition from their parents. This genetic factor is a significant reason some breeds are more affected than others.
Secondary causes include trauma or injury to the knee joint. Such incidents can lead to, or worsen, patellar luxation. Injuries may occur because of accidents or intense physical activities.
Other contributing factors include poor conformation or hind limb alignment. These can predispose a dog to develop patellar luxation, despite their genetic background.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to patellar luxation include:
Symptoms
Symptoms of a trick knee can vary in dogs. The primary symptoms include intermittent limping or skipping, where the dog may temporarily hold up the affected leg before resuming normal walking.
Secondary symptoms can involve signs of pain or discomfort. Affected dogs may show reluctance to exercise and stiffness in their hind limbs, suggesting distress.
Other symptoms to watch for include a noticeable popping sound when the kneecap dislocates. Dogs may also have difficulty jumping or climbing stairs because of instability.
Patellar luxation symptoms include:
- Intermittent limping
- Skipping gait
- Pain or discomfort
- Reluctance to exercise
- Stiffness in hind limbs
- Popping sound in knee
- Difficulty jumping or climbing stairs
Diagnosis
Diagnosing a floating kneecap involves a thorough physical examination by a veterinarian. The veterinarian may manipulate the knee joint to assess luxation. This hands-on approach is important for correct evaluation.
To confirm the diagnosis, X-rays are often used. They provide a clear view of the kneecap’s position and help in determining the severity of the condition. This imaging test is important for planning treatment.
Patellar luxation should be differentiated from other conditions, like cruciate ligament rupture, canine hip dysplasia, and osteochondritis dissecans. Ensuring a correct diagnosis is essential for effective management and treatment.
Treatment
Treatment for patellar luxation depends on its severity. Surgical intervention may be necessary to realign the patella, especially in severe cases. Surgery tries to restore normal knee function and prevent further complications.
In addition to surgery, physical therapy and pain management play important roles in recovery. These therapies help strengthen the muscles around the knee and reduce discomfort, aiding in the dog’s rehabilitation.
Management
Managing a dislocated kneecap involves maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knee joints. Providing joint supplements can also support joint health and mobility.
Regular check-ups and controlled exercise are important for management. They help monitor the condition’s progression and strengthen the muscles around the knee, supporting overall joint stability.
Prevention
Preventing patellar luxation can be challenging because of its genetic nature. However, maintaining a healthy weight and providing appropriate exercise can help reduce the risk in predisposed breeds.
Regular veterinary check-ups aid in early detection and management. Identifying the condition early allows for timely intervention, reducing the effect on the dog’s quality of life.
