Name:
Progressive Retinal Atrophy
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), also known as night blindness, is a genetic disease in dogs. It leads to the gradual degeneration of the retina, causing blindness. This condition is relatively common in certain breeds, with varying prevalence depending on genetic predisposition. PRA can cause complete blindness, although the progression rate varies among dogs.
Causes
The primary cause of PRA y is genetic mutations. These mutations are passed down from the dog’s parents, making the condition hereditary. Because PRA is solely genetic, there are no secondary causes contributing to the development of this condition.
Risk factors for PRA include breed predisposition, as some breeds are more likely to inherit the genetic mutations. Responsible breeding practices can help mitigate this risk. It is important for dog owners to be aware of their dog’s genetic background to predict the likelihood of PRA and take preventive measures.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to progressive retinal atrophy include:
- Labrador Retrievers
- Miniature Poodles
- Cocker Spaniels
- Dachshunds
- Golden Retrievers
- Tibetan Terriers
- English Springer Spaniels
- Portuguese Water Dogs
- Samoyeds
- Norwegian Elkhounds
Symptoms
The primary symptom of PRA is night blindness, where affected dogs struggle to see in low-light conditions. This early symptom is often the first sign of the disease.
As PRA progresses, dogs may show dilated pupils and a noticeable shine or reflection in their eyes. These changes indicate worsening vision.
In advanced stages, complete loss of vision can occur. Dogs may become disoriented in unfamiliar environments, which can be distressing for both the dog and the owner.
Progressive retinal atrophy symptoms include:
- Night blindness
- Dilated pupils
- Eye shine or reflection
- Complete vision loss
- Disorientation
- Reluctance to navigate in dark
- Bumping into objects
Diagnosis
Diagnosing PRA involves a combination of clinical eye examinations and ERG, which measures the electrical response of the retina to light. These tests help confirm retinal degeneration.
Genetic testing is also important for diagnosing PRA. By identifying specific mutations, veterinarians can determine if a dog has, or is at risk of developing, PRA.
Differential diagnoses to consider include cataracts, optic neuritis, and retinal detachment, as these conditions can also cause vision problems but have different treatments and prognoses.
Treatment
There is no effective treatment to reverse or halt the progression of PRA. Since it is a genetic condition, it leads inevitably to the degeneration of the retina and eventual blindness.
Providing supportive care is essential. While medication or surgery cannot cure PRA, therapy may help the dog adjust to its reducing vision.
Management
Managing PRA involves providing supportive care to help the dog adapt to vision loss. Maintaining a consistent environment, using verbal cues, and ensuring safety by avoiding changes in furniture layout are essential.
Medication and therapy may not reverse PRA, but they can help manage related symptoms or complications. Lifestyle changes, such as supervised outdoor activities, can keep the dog active and engaged.
Prevention
Preventing PRA relies on responsible breeding practices. Genetic testing of breeding dogs can help identify carriers of the condition and prevent the passing of defective genes.
Early detection through regular veterinary eye exams is also important. It allows for timely management and support for affected dogs and their owners.
