Name:
Pyometra
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Pyometra, also known as pus in the womb, is a serious infection affecting unspayed female dogs. This condition primarily targets older dogs and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. It involves the uterus filling with pus, leading to systemic issues. Prevalence of pyometra is notable in unspayed females, with risk increasing as dogs age. Prompt veterinary care is important because of its severity, which can lead to organ failure.
Causes
The primary cause of pyometra is hormonal changes during the estrous cycle, particularly because of progesterone. This hormone causes the uterine lining to thicken and can lead to an infection over time, if not resolved.
Secondary causes include bacterial infections, notably Escherichia coli, which can move from the vagina to the uterus. Such infections often occur when the uterine lining is already compromised because of hormonal changes.
Other contributing factors may involve hormonal medications intended to prevent heat cycles. These medications can change natural hormone levels, increasing the risk of pyometra in susceptible dogs.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to pyometra include:
Symptoms
Pyometra symptoms can vary, but primary signs include lethargy, loss of appetite, and increased thirst and urination. These symptoms indicate that the dog’s system is fighting an infection.
Secondary symptoms may involve vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal swelling or pain, reflecting more severe systemic involvement. These signs suggest that the infection is progressing and requires immediate attention.
Other symptoms include vaginal discharge, fever, and dehydration. These indicators often appear as the condition worsens, indicating that the dog’s health is at risk.
Pyometra symptoms include:
- Lethargy
- Loss of appetite
- Increased thirst
- Increased urination
- Vomiting
- Abdominal swelling
- Vaginal discharge
Diagnosis
Diagnosing pyometra involves observing clinical signs and conducting a physical examination. Blood tests and imaging, such as ultrasounds or X-rays, confirm an enlarged, pus-filled uterus.
Veterinarians differentiate pyometra from other conditions, like urinary tract infections, pregnancy, and gastrointestinal obstruction. These differential diagnoses are essential to ensure the proper treatment path is followed.
Imaging tests are important in diagnosing pyometra. Ultrasounds provide a clear picture of the uterus, helping to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.
Treatment
The primary treatment for pyometra is surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries, known as an ovariohysterectomy. This procedure effectively eliminates the infection and prevents recurrence.
Sometimes, medical management with antibiotics and prostaglandins may be considered. However, these treatments are typically reserved for dogs not stable enough for surgery or for breeding animals.
Management
Post-surgical management of pyometra involves careful monitoring for complications and administering antibiotics. Supportive care is essential to ensure a full recovery and prevent any relapse of symptoms.
Regular check-ups with a veterinarian help monitor the dog’s recovery and catch any signs of post-surgical issues early. Monitoring is important in the weeks following surgery to ensure the dog remains healthy.
Prevention
The most effective prevention for pyometra is spaying female dogs. This surgical procedure eliminates the risk by removing the uterus and ovaries, preventing the hormonal changes that lead to pyometra.
Early detection through regular veterinary check-ups can also prevent the progression of pyometra. This proactive approach allows for timely intervention if any symptoms arise.
