Name:
Septic Arthritis
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Septic arthritis, also known as infectious arthritis or bacterial arthritis, is a painful condition in dogs. It involves infection and inflammation of one or more joints because of bacterial invasion. This often leads to joint swelling, pain, and reduced mobility. Septic arthritis is relatively uncommon in dogs. However, it is more common in those with pre-existing joint issues or injuries. This condition can be moderate to severe, with the potential for permanent joint damage if untreated.
Causes
The primary cause of septic arthritis is bacterial infection. This can occur from direct penetration into the joint through wounds or surgical procedures. Sometimes, bacteria can enter the joint through the bloodstream from another infection site in the body.
Secondary causes of septic arthritis include immune system suppression and chronic joint diseases like osteoarthritis. Systemic infections can also spread to the joint, increasing the risk of septic arthritis.
Other causes encompass tick-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease, which can predispose joints to infection. Occasionally, foreign bodies in the joint may also lead to septic arthritis.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to septic arthritis include:
Symptoms
Primary symptoms of septic arthritis are acute joint pain, swelling, and lameness, often affecting one or more joints. These symptoms can severely affect a dog’s mobility and overall comfort.
Secondary symptoms may include fever, lethargy, and decreased appetite. These occur because of the systemic nature of the infection and can further weaken the affected dog.
Other symptoms include joint stiffness, warmth over the affected area, and reluctance to move or use the affected limb. These signs contribute to the overall discomfort experienced by the dog.
Septic arthritis symptoms include:
- Acute joint pain
- Swelling
- Lameness
- Fever
- Lethargy
- Decreased appetite
- Joint stiffness
Diagnosis
Diagnosing septic arthritis involves a clinical examination by a veterinarian. The veterinarian will assess joint pain and swelling and may perform joint fluid analysis, known as arthrocentesis, to identify bacterial presence.
Blood tests and imaging studies like X-rays or ultrasounds help assess joint damage. These diagnostics provide a comprehensive view of the joint’s condition and aid in confirming septic arthritis.
Septic arthritis should be differentiated from immune-mediated polyarthritis, osteoarthritis, and synovial cell sarcoma. These conditions can present similar symptoms, requiring careful examination to ensure correct diagnosis.
Treatment
Treating septic arthritis involves antibiotics to combat the bacterial infection. Pain management with anti-inflammatory medications is important to alleviate discomfort in the affected dog.
Sometimes, joint lavage or surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected material. These procedures help clear infection and prevent further joint damage.
Management
Management of septic arthritis includes rest and restriction of activity during the healing process. This lets the joint recover and reduces the risk of further injury.
Physical therapy helps restore joint function and mobility. Monitoring for any signs of recurrence is essential to prevent future episodes of septic arthritis.
Prevention
Preventing septic arthritis focuses on reducing the risk of joint injuries. Good overall health is important to prevent systemic infections that could affect the joints.
Prompt treatment of wounds is important to prevent joint infection. Early detection and intervention can significantly reduce the risk of developing septic arthritis.
