Name:
Testicular Tumors
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Testicular tumors, also known as canine testicular cancer, are abnormal growths in the testicles of dogs. They can cause hormonal imbalances and other health complications. The prevalence of testicular tumors is relatively high among older, intact male dogs. Some tumors are benign and do not cause major health issues, while malignant ones can be life-threatening if they spread.
Causes
The primary cause of testicular tumors is intact testicles. Neutering significantly reduces the risk of developing these tumors.
Genetic predisposition and age are significant secondary factors in the development of testicular tumors. Older dogs with a family history of such tumors are at a higher risk compared to others.
Environmental factors and exposure to certain chemicals can also contribute to the development of testicular tumors. While less common, these factors should not be overlooked when assessing risk.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to testicular tumors include:
Symptoms
Primary symptoms of testicular tumors include enlargement of one or both testicles and asymmetry in testicle size. A mass or lump in the testicular area is also common.
Secondary symptoms involve hormonal changes that may lead to feminization. Dogs may develop enlarged mammary glands or experience hair loss. Behavioral changes can also occur.
Other symptoms include discomfort or pain in the testicular area. Affected dogs may show signs of lethargy and experience weight loss, further indicating a potential health issue.
Testicular tumors symptoms include:
- Enlargement of testicles
- Asymmetry in testicle size
- Presence of a mass or lump
- Hormonal changes
- Discomfort or pain
- Lethargy
- Weight loss
Diagnosis
Diagnosing testicular tumors typically involves a physical examination by a veterinarian. The examination focuses on clinical signs, such as testicle enlargement and lump detection.
Ultrasound imaging is often used to gain a clearer view of the testicular area. This helps in assessing the extent of the tumor and whether it has spread to nearby tissues.
A biopsy or fine-needle aspiration of the tumor is usually performed to determine its nature. This procedure differentiates testicular tumors from other conditions, like epididymitis, orchitis, and scrotal hernia.
Treatment
Treatment for testicular tumors often involves surgical removal of the affected testicle(s), a procedure known as orchiectomy. This approach is effective for most benign tumors and some malignant ones.
Where the cancer has spread, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be recommended. These treatments aim to manage the disease and prevent further progression.
Management
Post-surgical management is important for dogs that have undergone orchiectomy. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor for signs of metastasis or recurrence.
Medication or therapy may be necessary to manage side effects from treatments like chemotherapy. Keeping a close eye on any changes in the dog’s health is important for long-term management.
Prevention
Preventing testicular tumors can be challenging, but neutering dogs at a young age significantly reduces risk. This preventive step is effective in lowering the chances of tumor development.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle for your dog, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, supports overall well-being. Early detection through routine veterinary check-ups is also beneficial.
