Name:
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as enlarged prostate in dogs, is a non-cancerous condition affecting the prostate gland in older, intact male dogs. It can lead to urinary and reproductive issues. Most dogs experience some level of prostatic enlargement as they age. The severity of BPH varies, ranging from mild, manageable symptoms to severe cases that affect a dog’s quality of life.
Causes
The primary cause of BPH is hormonal changes, especially the influence of testosterone and its derivatives on the prostate gland. These hormonal changes lead to the enlargement of the prostate, causing the condition.
Age-related changes also play a significant role, as older dogs are more prone to hormonal imbalances that affect prostate health. Genetic predispositions can further contribute to these hormonal shifts, increasing the risk of BPH.
Other factors, such as diet, obesity, and lack of exercise, can exacerbate BPH. These lifestyle elements can negatively affect overall health, making dogs more susceptible to developing the condition.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to benign prostatic hyperplasia include:
Symptoms
Primary symptoms of BPH include difficulty urinating, increased frequency of urination, and straining during urination. These symptoms result from the enlarged prostate pressing against the urethra.
Secondary symptoms can involve blood in the urine, constipation, and discomfort or pain in the pelvic area. These issues arise as the prostate continues to enlarge and affect nearby organs.
Other symptoms may include lethargy, decreased appetite, and changes in behavior because of discomfort. These symptoms can significantly affect a dog’s quality of life if left unmanaged.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms include:
- Difficulty urinating
- Increased frequency of urination
- Straining during urination
- Blood in urine
- Constipation
- Pelvic area discomfort
- Lethargy
Diagnosis
Diagnosing BPH typically involves a physical examination to assess the prostate’s size and condition. A veterinarian may perform an ultrasound imaging test to visualize the prostate and identify any abnormalities.
Blood tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions and make sure the symptoms are not caused by infections or other prostate diseases. BPH should be differentiated from prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostatitis, and prostatic cysts, which have similar symptoms.
A veterinarian will use clinical signs and diagnostics to confirm BPH and determine the most appropriate treatment path. Early diagnosis can help manage symptoms more effectively.
Treatment
Treatment for BPH often involves medical management. Medications like finasteride can reduce prostate size, alleviating symptoms and improving the dog’s quality of life.
Surgical options such as castration are highly effective in resolving BPH, as they eliminate the hormonal influence on the prostate. This option is typically considered for severe cases or when medications are not enough.
Management
Managing BPH involves regular veterinary check-ups to monitor the condition and adjust treatments as necessary. These check-ups help ensure the dog’s prostate health is maintained and symptoms are controlled.
Medications may need to be adjusted over time to accommodate changes in the dog’s condition. A healthy weight and balanced diet can support overall health, reducing the risk of complications.
Prevention
Prevention of BPH is primarily achieved through early neutering. Neutering significantly reduces the risk of developing BPH later in life by removing the hormonal influence on the prostate.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also play a role in preventing BPH. These measures help keep a dog’s overall health in check, reducing risk factors.
