Chronic Active Hepatitis in Dogs

Chronic active hepatitis (CAH), or chronic hepatitis, is a serious liver disease in dogs characterized by ongoing inflammation and liver damage. This condition can lead to liver failure if not addressed. CAH can vary in severity, from mild symptoms to severe health issues, based on liver damage extent. The condition is relatively uncommon but is more common in certain dog breeds.

Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of CAH. Some breeds are more susceptible because of hereditary factors. Autoimmune reactions, where the dog’s immune system attacks its liver cells, are another primary cause.

Infections like canine adenovirus can also lead to CAH. Exposure to toxins or drugs may also trigger liver inflammation. These secondary causes can exacerbate the condition in predisposed dogs.

Metabolic disorders and copper accumulation in the liver are other potential causes of CAH. Breeds genetically prone to copper storage disease are particularly at risk, making it essential to monitor their liver health closely.

• Doberman Pinschers
• Cocker Spaniels
• Labrador Retrievers
• West Highland White Terriers
• Bedlington Terriers
• Skye Terriers
• Dalmatians
• English Springer Spaniels
• Beagles
• Standard Poodles

Primary symptoms of CAH include jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes, along with lethargy and loss of appetite. These symptoms indicate liver dysfunction and require immediate veterinary attention.

Secondary symptoms may involve vomiting, diarrhea, increased thirst, urination, and weight loss. These signs can worsen if the disease progresses without intervention.

Other symptoms can include abdominal pain and behavioral changes. In advanced cases, neurological signs may occur because of hepatic encephalopathy, a condition caused by liver failure affecting the brain.

Diagnosing CAH involves a thorough clinical examination by a veterinarian. Blood tests are important to assess liver function and detect inflammation markers. These tests provide initial insights into the dog’s liver health.

Imaging studies, such as an ultrasound, help visualize liver structure and identify abnormalities. A liver biopsy is often necessary to evaluate the extent of liver inflammation and damage, confirming the CAH diagnosis.

CAH should be differentiated from similar conditions, such as copper storage disease, canine infectious hepatitis, and liver tumors. Correct diagnosis is essential for developing an effective treatment plan.

Treating CAH typically involves medications such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Immunosuppressive drugs may also be prescribed to control autoimmune reactions damaging the liver. Supportive care, including dietary management and liver supplements, helps maintain liver function.

Sometimes, surgery may be necessary to address complications. However, the primary focus is on medical management to control symptoms and slow disease progression. Regular monitoring ensures treatment effectiveness and adjusts medications as needed.

Long-term management of CAH involves regular veterinary check-ups to monitor liver function. Adjusting medications as needed and maintaining a liver-friendly diet are important in managing symptoms and slowing disease progression.

Consistent monitoring of your dog’s health helps detect any changes early. Implementing lifestyle adjustments, such as reducing stress and avoiding toxic substances, can significantly affect your dog’s quality of life.

Preventing CAH is challenging because of its complex causes and unclear etiology. However, maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle can reduce risk. Regular veterinary check-ups ensure early detection and management of potential liver issues.

Genetic testing can identify predisposed breeds, allowing for early intervention. Avoiding exposure to toxins and harmful substances is important in preventing liver damage and reducing CAH risk