Corneal Ulcers in Dogs

Corneal ulcers, also known as ulcerative keratitis, are painful open sores on the cornea, the clear layer at the front of a dog’s eye. While corneal ulcers are relatively common in dogs, certain breeds with prominent eyes or those prone to eye injuries are more susceptible. The severity of corneal ulcers can vary significantly, ranging from mild irritation to severe complications like vision loss or eye rupture if left untreated.

The primary causes of corneal ulcers in dogs are physical trauma, such as scratches or foreign bodies entering the eye, and infections caused by bacteria or viruses. These factors directly damage the cornea, leading to ulcer formation.

Secondary causes include underlying conditions, like dry eye, known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or entropion, where the eyelid rolls inward irritating the cornea. These conditions create an environment conducive to ulcers.

Other potential causes include chemical burns, exposure to irritants, or autoimmune diseases that may affect the eye. These factors can compromise the cornea’s integrity, increasing the risk of ulceration.

• Pugs
• Bulldogs
• Shih Tzus
• Pekingeses
• Boston Terriers
• Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
• Boxers
• French Bulldogs
• Lhasa Apsos
• Cocker Spaniels

The primary symptoms of corneal ulcers involve noticeable changes in the eye’s appearance. Redness, excessive tearing, squinting, and a cloudy or bluish look of the cornea are common indicators that an ulcer may be present.

Secondary symptoms can include pawing at the eye, sensitivity to light, and discharge from the affected eye. These signs suggest discomfort and potential infection.

Other symptoms may include behavioral changes because of pain, such as decreased appetite or reluctance to play. These changes are often overlooked but can indicate an ulcer.

Diagnosing corneal ulcers involves a veterinary examination where fluorescein dye is used to highlight the ulcer. This test lets the veterinarian assess the ulcer’s size and depth accurately.

A thorough physical examination helps differentiate corneal ulcers from other eye conditions, such as conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and uveitis. Correct diagnosis ensures proper treatment and management.

Veterinarians may also conduct imaging tests if necessary to rule out other potential conditions. These diagnostics provide a comprehensive understanding of the ulcer’s effect the eye.

Treatment for corneal ulcers includes using topical antibiotics to prevent infection and pain relief medications to manage discomfort. These treatments address immediate concerns and promote healing.

In severe cases, or when the ulcer is not healing properly, surgical intervention may be necessary. This step helps restore the cornea and prevent further complications.

Effective management of corneal ulcers involves regular veterinary check-ups to monitor healing and adjust treatments if necessary. Consistency in care is important for recovery.

Administering prescribed medications diligently and using an Elizabethan collar can prevent your dog from rubbing its eye. These steps protect the healing cornea from further injury.

Prevention of corneal ulcers focuses on protecting a dog’s eyes from trauma and irritants. Keeping your dog away from environments with potential eye hazards is key.

Prompt treatment of eye injuries and infections can prevent ulcers from developing. Early intervention reduces the risk of complications.