Name:
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) is a developmental bone disease affecting young, rapidly growing large and extra-large breed dogs. It is characterized by inflammation of the growth plates in the long bones. Although relatively uncommon, it primarily affects puppies between 2 to 8 months of age. The severity of HOD varies from mild discomfort to severe pain and lameness. In rare cases, it can lead to permanent bone deformities or even be life-threatening.
Causes
The exact cause of HOD remains unknown. However, it is suspected to be related to rapid growth and nutritional imbalances. Genetic predisposition also plays a significant role in its development, particularly in large and extra-large breed dogs.
Secondary causes, such as infections and immune-mediated responses, have been considered, though they are not definitively proven. Some researchers suggest that a deficiency in vitamin C may contribute to the condition, but this is not confirmed.
Environmental factors, like excessive dietary supplementation with calcium and calories, are other potential contributors. Monitor the diet of rapidly growing puppies to prevent the onset of HOD.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to hypertrophic osteodystrophy include:
Symptoms
The primary symptoms of HOD include swelling and pain in the joints and lameness. Affected dogs often show reluctance to move or walk because of discomfort. These symptoms can range from mild to severe, affecting the dog’s mobility.
Secondary symptoms may include fever and lethargy. Affected puppies may also experience a noticeable loss of appetite. These symptoms often accompany the primary signs, suggesting a more severe progression of the disease.
In severe cases, dogs may suffer from depression and weight loss. Difficulty standing or walking is also seen. These symptoms highlight the seriousness of HOD and the need for timely intervention.
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy symptoms include:
- Swelling and pain in joints
- Lameness
- Reluctance to move
- Fever
- Lethargy
- Loss of appetite
- Depression
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of HOD typically involves a combination of clinical signs and physical examination. Veterinarians look for swelling in the joints and other characteristic symptoms to confirm the condition.
Radiographic findings play an important role in diagnosing HOD. Imaging tests reveal changes in the growth plates of affected bones, which indicate the disease. These tests help differentiate HOD from other similar conditions.
HOD should be differentiated from other conditions, like panosteitis, osteomyelitis, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Correct diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and better management of the disease.
Treatment
Treatment for HOD focuses on supportive care and pain management. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation in affected dogs.
In severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to manage inflammation more effectively. These medications help improve the dog’s comfort and mobility, allowing for better recovery.
Management
Managing HOD involves creating a comfortable environment for the affected dog. Proper nutrition is essential to support their growth and recovery, avoiding excessive supplements.
Regular check-ups with the veterinarian are important to monitor the dog’s progress. Adjusting medication and therapy based on the dog’s condition helps manage the disease effectively.
Prevention
Preventing HOD focuses on maintaining a balanced diet for growing puppies. Avoid excessive calcium and calorie intake, which are potential risk factors for developing HOD.
While there is no known prevention for HOD, early detection and intervention can mitigate severe symptoms. Regular veterinary check-ups are important for monitoring the puppy’s growth and health.
