Name:
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), also known as Perthes disease or aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, is a degenerative condition affecting the femoral head in dogs. This condition is predominantly seen in small and toy breeds, with a genetic predisposition playing a significant role. Although relatively uncommon, LCPD can cause substantial discomfort and mobility challenges, with severity varying from mild to severe among affected dogs.
Causes
The primary cause of LCPD is believed to be genetic factors influencing blood supply to the femoral head. While the exact mechanism remains unclear, genetic predisposition is a significant contributor. This disruption in blood flow eventually leads to degeneration of the femoral head, causing the characteristic symptoms.
Secondary causes, though less common, may include trauma or injury to the hip joint. Such incidents can exacerbate the condition, although they are not the primary drivers. Understanding these factors is essential for correct diagnosis and management.
Other potential contributing factors may involve hormonal imbalances or developmental issues during a dog’s growth phase. These factors, although not primary, can complicate the condition and affect its progression.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease include:
Symptoms
The primary symptoms of LCPD include limping or lameness in the affected leg. This occurs because of pain and discomfort in the hip joint, often leading to muscle atrophy in the hindquarters. These signs are key indicators of the disease in predisposed breeds.
Secondary symptoms may manifest as stiffness and reluctance to engage in physical activities. A decrease in the range of motion of the hip joint is also common. These symptoms can significantly affect a dog’s daily life, affecting its ability to move and play.
Other symptoms may include behavioral changes because of pain, such as irritability. Affected dogs may also show decreased activity levels and a general reluctance to engage. Recognizing these signs early can help in seeking timely veterinary intervention.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease symptoms include:
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease symptoms include:
- Limping or lameness
- Pain when moving the hip joint
- Muscle atrophy in hindquarters
- Stiffness
- Reluctance to exercise
- Decrease in hip joint range of motion
- Behavioral changes because of pain
Diagnosis
Diagnosing LCPD requires a thorough physical examination by a veterinarian. The examination will assess the dog’s mobility and identify signs of pain in the hip joint. Clinical signs seen during the examination guide further diagnostic steps.
Imaging tests like X-rays are important for confirming LCPD. They provide detailed views of the femoral head, revealing any degeneration or abnormalities. Sometimes, advanced imaging techniques like MRI may be necessary for a comprehensive assessment.
Differential diagnosis is important to distinguish LCPD from other conditions. Canine hip dysplasia, femoral head fracture, and septic arthritis are potential conditions that share similar symptoms. Correct diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and management.
Treatment
Treatment for LCPD often involves surgical intervention. A common procedure is femoral head ostectomy (FHO), where the affected femoral head and neck are removed. This surgery aims to alleviate pain and restore mobility in the dog.
Post-surgical care is essential for successful recovery. Physical therapy and controlled exercise help strengthen muscles and improve joint function. Pain management is also important to ensure the dog’s comfort and enhance the healing process.
Management
Effective management of LCPD focuses on maintaining the dog’s mobility and comfort. Regular check-ups with a veterinarian help monitor the condition’s progression and adjust treatment as necessary. Consistent follow-up is important for ideal outcomes.
Medication and therapy play a role in managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort. Physical therapy can enhance joint function and prevent further deterioration.
Prevention
Preventing LCPD is challenging because of its genetic nature. However, early detection through regular veterinary check-ups can help manage the condition effectively. Monitoring predisposed breeds closely can aid in early intervention.
Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet and weight management, support overall joint health. Avoiding excessive stress on growing joints in young dogs can also be beneficial. These practices contribute to a healthier lifestyle for at-risk breeds.
