Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia in Dogs

Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD), also known as tricuspid valve malformation, is a congenital heart defect found in dogs. It involves malformation of the tricuspid valve, which affects blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle. While TVD is relatively uncommon, certain breeds show a higher predisposition. The severity of TVD can vary significantly, with some dogs experiencing mild symptoms and others facing severe complications like heart failure.

The primary cause of TVD is genetic, as it is a congenital condition that dogs inherit from their parents. This congenital nature means TVD is present at birth, resulting from abnormalities in the development of the tricuspid valve.

There are no specific secondary causes of TVD. The condition primarily results from genetic factors. However, environmental influences during pregnancy may contribute to the severity or presence of TVD in some cases.

While genetic predisposition remains the primary factor, it is essential to consider potential environmental influences. These influences may not directly cause TVD but could affect the severity of the condition.

• Labrador Retrievers
• German Shepherds
• Great Danes
• Old English Sheepdogs
• Irish Setters
• Boxers
• Golden Retrievers
• Newfoundlands
• Doberman Pinschers
• Weimaraners

Primary symptoms of TVD include exercise intolerance, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms occur because of the heart’s reduced efficiency in pumping blood.

Secondary symptoms may present as a heart murmur, abdominal distension from fluid accumulation, and coughing. These symptoms often develop as the condition progresses.

Other symptoms can include fainting episodes, poor growth in puppies, and cyanosis. Cyanosis is a bluish tint to the skin and mucous membranes caused by reduced oxygen levels.

Diagnosing TVD typically involves a combination of physical examination and auscultation of the heart. Veterinarians will listen for abnormal heart sounds that may indicate valve issues.

Echocardiography, or ultrasound of the heart, is a standard diagnostic tool for TVD. It provides a detailed view of the heart’s structure and function, helping to confirm the diagnosis.

Additional tests, like chest X-rays and ECG, may be conducted. These tests help rule out other heart conditions and assess the severity of TVD. TVD should be differentiated from pulmonic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, and ventricular septal defect.

Treatment for TVD often involves managing symptoms with medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or beta-blockers. These medications help improve heart function and reduce fluid buildup.

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgery aims to correct the valve malformation and improve the dog’s quality of life.

Long-term management of TVD includes regular veterinary check-ups to monitor heart function. These visits help adjust medications as needed to control symptoms and prevent complications.

Medication changes may be necessary to maintain ideal heart function. Monitoring the dog’s condition closely allows for timely interventions and improved outcomes.

There is no known prevention for TVD as it is a congenital condition. However, responsible breeding practices may help reduce its incidence in predisposed breeds.

Genetic testing and careful choice of breeding pairs can reduce the risk of passing TVD to offspring. Breeders should focus on health screenings and avoid breeding dogs with known heart defects.