Name:
Periodontal Disease
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a dental condition in dogs. It involves inflammation and infection of tissues like gums, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone surrounding the teeth. This condition is highly common, affecting over 80% of dogs over the age of 3. The severity of periodontal disease ranges from mild gingivitis to severe periodontitis. Severe cases can lead to tooth loss and other health issues.
Causes
The primary cause of periodontal disease is the accumulation of plaque and tartar on the teeth, which harbors bacteria that infect the gums. This bacterial buildup leads to inflammation and can progress to more severe infection.
Secondary causes include poor oral hygiene practices, such as infrequent teeth brushing, and diets high in soft foods that promote plaque accumulation. Genetic predispositions in certain breeds can also increase risk.
Other contributing factors to periodontal disease can include a weakened immune system, specific medications, and underlying health conditions like diabetes. These factors can exacerbate the disease and make it harder to control.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to periodontal disease include:
Symptoms
Primary symptoms of periodontal disease include bad breath (halitosis), red or swollen gums, and bleeding gums. These signs are often the first indicators of dental issues.
Secondary symptoms may include difficulty eating, loose or missing teeth, and excessive drooling. These symptoms can show more advanced stages of the disease and require immediate attention.
Other symptoms may involve pawing at the mouth, facial swelling, and behavioral changes because of oral discomfort. These signs suggest significant discomfort and require veterinary evaluation.
Periodontal disease symptoms include:
- Bad breath
- Red or swollen gums
- Bleeding gums
- Difficulty eating
- Loose or missing teeth
- Excessive drooling
- Pawing at the mouth
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of periodontal disease involves a thorough veterinary dental examination. This exam often includes dental X-rays to determine the extent of the disease below the gum line, which is important for assessing overall dental health.
Veterinarians differentiate periodontal disease from other conditions, like gingivitis, oral tumors, and tooth abscesses. Correct diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and management strategies are employed.
Clinical examinations focus on visible signs of the disease, while imaging tests help identify hidden issues. This comprehensive approach is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment planning.
Treatment
Treatment for periodontal disease typically includes professional dental cleaning under anesthesia. This procedure removes plaque and tartar and may involve extracting severely affected teeth to prevent further infection.
Sometimes, antibiotics are prescribed to address bacterial infections present in the gums. This medication helps reduce inflammation and promote healing in the affected tissues.
Management
Managing periodontal disease involves consistent oral hygiene practices, such as brushing your dog’s teeth regularly. Dental chews and toys can also help maintain dental health by reducing plaque buildup.
Regular veterinary check-ups are important for monitoring disease progression and adjusting treatment plans as needed. Early detection of any changes can prevent more severe complications.
Prevention
Preventing periodontal disease focuses on maintaining regular dental care at home. Brushing your dog’s teeth and providing dental treats or toys can significantly reduce plaque accumulation.
Routine veterinary dental cleanings are essential for early detection and prevention of dental issues. These cleanings help maintain healthy gums and teeth, preventing disease onset.
