Name:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Other Name(s):
Acronym(s):
Severity:
Genetic:
Idiopathic:
Predisposed Breeds:
Onset Age:
Overview
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), also known as skin cancer in dogs, arises from the squamous epithelial cells in the outer skin layer and mucous membranes. It is relatively uncommon but remains one of the more frequently diagnosed skin cancers in dogs. SCC severity varies, though it is serious because of its potential to invade surrounding tissues and spread to other body parts.
Causes
Prolonged exposure to UV radiation is the primary cause of SCC. Sunlight can damage skin cells, especially in areas with less fur coverage, leading to cancerous changes.
Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in causing SCC. Some dogs inherit genes that make them more susceptible to developing this cancer. Certain viral infections can also contribute to SCC development.
Other causes include chronic skin irritation, inflammation, and exposure to carcinogenic chemicals. These factors can increase the risk of SCC, making it important to mitigate exposure when possible.
Predisposed Breeds
Breeds predisposed to squamous cell carcinoma include:
- Dalmatians
- Bull Terriers
- Beagles
- Staffordshire Bull Terriers
- Boxers
- Whippets
- Greyhounds
- Basset Hounds
- Bloodhounds
- Collies
Symptoms
The primary symptoms of SCC include firm, raised, often ulcerated masses on the skin. These masses may bleed or become infected, suggesting the presence of SCC.
Secondary symptoms include swelling, redness, and discomfort around the affected area. These symptoms can cause pain and irritation, affecting the dog’s well-being.
Other symptoms may include lethargy, loss of appetite, and weight loss if the cancer has spread internally. Monitoring these signs can help in the early detection and treatment of SCC.
Squamous cell carcinoma symptoms include:
- Firm, raised mass on the skin
- Ulceration of the mass
- Bleeding from the mass
- Swelling around the mass
- Redness around the affected area
- Discomfort or pain
- Lethargy
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of SCC typically starts with a thorough physical examination by a veterinarian. Identifying suspicious masses on the skin is the first step in the diagnostic process.
A biopsy of the affected tissue is essential to confirm an SCC diagnosis. The biopsy analyzes the cells, revealing cancerous changes. Imaging studies, such as X-rays or ultrasounds, may assess the disease’s extent. These tests help determine whether the cancer has metastasized to other areas of the body.
Differential diagnoses for SCC include basal cell tumors, melanoma, and papilloma. Differentiating these conditions is important for correct diagnosis and treatment planning.
Treatment
Treatment for SCC often involves surgical removal of the tumor. Surgery aims to excise the cancerous tissue, reducing the risk of further spread.
Radiation therapy or chemotherapy may follow surgery to target any remaining cancer cells. These treatments help reduce recurrence and provide more control over the disease.
Management
Managing SCC involves regular veterinary check-ups to monitor for signs of recurrence. Frequent assessments help catch any new developments early.
Pain management and supportive care are important in maintaining the dog’s quality of life. These measures ensure comfort and well-being throughout the treatment process.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for SCC include reducing exposure to known risk factors, such as excessive sun exposure. Dogs with light-colored or thin coats require extra protection.
Regular veterinary check-ups play a key role in early detection of potential issues. Routine exams allow for timely intervention, reducing the risk of SCC development.
