Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs

Mitral valve disease (MVD), also known as mitral valve insufficiency or degenerative mitral valve disease, is a common heart condition in dogs. It affects the mitral valve, which is located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart. When this valve becomes leaky, it leads to heart enlargement and can eventually cause heart failure. MVD is prevalent in older dogs and is most commonly seen in small to medium-sized breeds. The severity of the condition can vary, ranging from mild cases with no noticeable symptoms to severe cases that lead to congestive heart failure.

The primary cause of MVD is age-related degeneration of the mitral valve. This degeneration is often linked to a genetic predisposition, making certain breeds more susceptible to the condition. As dogs age, the mitral valve can weaken, leading to MVD.

Secondary causes of MVD may include chronic inflammation or infections that exacerbate the degeneration of the valve. These secondary factors can speed up the progression of the disease, making early detection and management important.

Other contributing factors to MVD include obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise. These factors can strain the heart over time, potentially leading to or worsening the condition. A healthy lifestyle is important to manage the risk.

• Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
• Dachshunds
• Miniature Poodles
• Chihuahuas
• Yorkshire Terriers
• Pomeranians
• Shih Tzus
• Maltese
• Papillons
• Toy Poodles

Primary symptoms of MVD include coughing, especially at night or after exercise, and difficulty breathing because of fluid accumulation in the lungs. These symptoms are often the first indicators of the condition.

Secondary symptoms may involve reduced exercise tolerance, lethargy, and occasional fainting spells. These symptoms suggest that the disease is affecting the dog’s daily activities and energy levels.

Other symptoms can include a heart murmur, increased respiratory rate, and weight loss. A veterinarian may detect a heart murmur during a routine examination, which can prompt further investigation into MVD.

Diagnosing MVD typically begins with a physical examination by a veterinarian. Listening for heart murmurs is a key step in identifying potential heart issues. A heart murmur can show a leaky mitral valve.

Further diagnostics include chest X-rays and echocardiography to assess the heart’s size and function. These imaging tests provide a clearer picture of the severity and progression of MVD. Blood tests may also be conducted to evaluate heart health.

Potential conditions to differentiate from MVD include canine dilated cardiomyopathy, tricuspid valve dysplasia, and aortic stenosis. Correct diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and management.

Treatment for MVD often involves medications to manage symptoms and improve heart function. Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and sometimes beta-blockers are commonly used to address the condition, depending on its severity.

In severe cases, more aggressive treatment options may be considered. However, surgery is rarely a viable option for MVD. The focus is on improving quality of life and controlling symptoms.

Managing MVD involves regular veterinary check-ups to monitor heart health and adjust treatment as needed. Consistent monitoring helps in understanding the progression of the disease and making timely interventions.

A healthy lifestyle, including dietary changes and maintaining a healthy weight, is important in managing MVD. Reducing cardiac stress through exercise moderation can also help dogs with this condition.

While true prevention of MVD is not possible because of its genetic nature, early detection and management can make a significant difference. Regular veterinary care helps in identifying the condition early.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can help manage the risk factors associated with MVD. Avoiding obesity is important to reduce heart strain.